Relationship between Cadmium, Chromium, and Plumbum Levels with Hydrogen Peroxide: Detection of Vascular Oxidative Stress Due to Metal Exposure as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Introduction: An environment exposed to heavy metals has the potential to cause cardiovascular disease. This condition increases free radical formation, namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), contributing to vascular damage. This research aims to analyze the relationship between Cadmium, Chromium, and Plumbum levels with H2O2, as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional of 120 respondents living in an industrial area. The metal levels in the blood were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and peroxide number analysis.

Result: The results of the chi-square test at a 5% significance level showed a meaningful relationship between Cr and H2O2 (p<0,001), Pb, and H2O2 (p=0.019). However, there was no significant relationship between Cd and H2O2 levels (p=0.07).

Conclusion: In conclusion, exposure to heavy metals (Cr and Pb) is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease through oxidative stress mechanisms.