Statistical Analysis Of Human Placental Histological Changes In Mild, Severe Prgegnancy Induced Hypertensive Conditions And Normotensive Pregnancy Using Chi-Squared Test

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common complication during pregnancy. PIH is strongly associated with both maternal and foetal complications. Current study was undertaken to analyze placental changes in the mild and severe PIH in order to understand the importance of placental changes in understanding the severity of disease and complications. After studying all the placental findings, it was evident that the calcifications, retroplacental hematomas, villous hyper maturity and fibrin deposition were more prominently related to severe hypertensive cases compared to mild cases of PIH. Moreover, it could complicate pregnancy adversely by causing histopathological changes in the placenta of severe PIH cases than in mild PIH cases along with poor foetal outcome.

Objectives: Comparative evaluation of histopathological changes of   placenta of women with   mild and severe PIH with that of normotensive pregnancies.

Materials and Methods:  A total of 150 pregnant women (50- normotensive,50-mild and 50-severe PIH)  between the age group of 18-35 years, gestational age between 26-42weeks, attending antenatal clinic of the hospital and delivered by either vaginal or caesarean section were included in the study after taking the written informed consent from the participants. Standard techniques were used for histological preparation and staining as specified in the literature.

Results:Pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) adversely affects the health of the foetus through its harmful effects on the placentas. The observations from the present study found that there was a significant difference between the calcifications, RPH, FD, TPC, AV, VHM of mild and severe PIH cases with that of normotensive pregnancy cases.