A Comprehensive Review On Onychomycosis

Abstract

The nail is the permanent protect of the nail matrix. Human nails not only have protective & decorative role, but also used as drug delivery pathway especially nail diseases like onychomycosis or psoriasis. Onychomycosis is a fungal infection, most commonly affecting on nail by dermatophytes, non dermatophytes, molds and yeast. One-third of integumentary fungal infections and half of all nail diseases have been linked to onychomycosis. The major causative organisms of onychomycosis are dermatophytes like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Tinea unguium. Onychomycosis infection with Non dermatophytes cases about 10% of world wide, the most common organisms Acremonium, Alternaria species, Aspergillus species etc. Yeast caused onychomycosis infection up to 10 to 20% cases, with pathogenic organisms like Candida species. Treatment of onychomycosis is Antibiotic and antifungal drug resistance has grown during the last few years. The oral administration of terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and griseofulvin are first-line onychomycosis therapy techniques. Treatment of topical onychomycosis includes ciclopirox and amorolfine nail polish. Side effect of already existed treatment of onychomycosis like Hepatotoxicity, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia or anemia, Photosensitivity. To overcome this side effect to prepare the topical formulation containing medicinal plant like Aristolochia bracteolata, Lawsonia inermis and Calotropis procera.