A Rare Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a monocytic variant presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin in a young adolescent male

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML) is characterized by a clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors with a reduced capacity to differentiate into more mature cellular elements. As a result, there is an accumulation of leukemic blasts or immature forms in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and occasionally in other tissues, with a variable reduction in the production of normal red blood cells, platelets, and mature granulocytes. The increased production of malignant cells, along with a reduction in these mature elements, results in a variety of systemic consequences including anemia, bleeding, and an increased risk of infection.

In our case report, an 18-year-old boy came with complaints of high-grade fever for one month associated with fatigue. Blood reports were suggestive of pancytopenia and the peripheral smear consisted of abnormal blast cells. The case was further dealt with with a bone marrow examination and a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made and treated further.