A Cross Sectional Study on the Cost Effectiveness in Non - Surgical Management of Chronic Periodontitis Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction - Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial destructive inflammatory disease of tooth supporting structures whereas; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder. CP and T2DM have an interrelationship in their pathogenesis which leads to compromised quality of life. Pharmaco-economics is the descriptive analysis of the cost of drug therapy to health care systems and society. It identifies, measures, and compares the cost and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services. It also measures the added benefit of one intervention over another whose basic components are the drug product or service, cost and outcome. The present study aims to investigate the cost effectiveness (direct and indirect cost – cost analysis)of the nonsurgical management of chronic Periodontitis among patients with T2DM in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials & Methods - This study was initiated after obtaining IEC (Institutional Ethics Committee) approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. A total of 97 subjects with CP & T2DM attending Dental OPD in Adhiparasakthi dental college and hospital (tertiary care hospital) were included in this study. The study duration was 3 months (August 2022– October 2022).  The study subjects were personally interviewed to collect the required data and were entered in specially designed case Performa. Total mean expenditure including direct and indirect expenses incurred by the patients was tabulated and analyzed as descriptive statistics.

Results - Out of 97 subjects 49% were female and 51% were male ranging from below 30 years to above 70 years. The daily wage of the study participants ranged between INR 300 to 4500 per day as per their employment. The direct cost for the initial visit of the study subjects varied from INR 387.30 to 1063.90 while the Indirect cost without an accompanying person ranges from INR 30 to 200. If the patient is accompanied by care taker added cost of INR 200 is incurred.

Conclusion - It is very cost-effective to provide non surgical periodontal management of CP among T2DM patients attending tertiary care hospital as an early intervention to improve oral health status which demands long term oral health care. This study emphasizes on the benefit of cost effectiveness in planning oral health care regimen to enhance the quality of life.