The Relationship Between Motor, Non-Motor And Cognitive Impairment In Patients With Parkinson’ Disease

Abstract

Background Non motor symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are common in Parkinson’s disease. These symptoms often contribute to disability and impact negatively on quality of life even in early-stage disease. They are frequently underrecognized and undertreated.  Aim and objectives study the relationship between motor symptoms and both cognitive and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients. Subjects and methods this study was conducted in neurology department, Beni Suef University Hospital, The study included 100 subjects (50 patients of Parkinson’s disease and 50 healthy control were included). Motor assessment using ‏the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), non-motor symptoms assessment using non motor symptoms scale and cognitive assessment using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test were done for all patients. Result During OFF state, UPDRS was  positively correlated with perception /hallucination, sleep and GIT symptoms. There was statistically significant positive correlation between UPDRS during ON state and both  sleep and gastrointestinal tract symptoms There was a statistically significant positive correlation  between UPDRS during both ON and OFF states and total non motor symptoms scale. The total Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) score was negatively correlated with UPDRS during ON state. UPDRS during ON state was negatively correlated with executive functions, visuospatial functions, calculation, abstract thinking and orientation. Conclusion There was a statistically significant positive correlation between UPDRS during both ON and OFF states and total non motor symptoms scale. The total MOCA score was negatively correlated with UPDRS during ON state. Family history, Level of Education, Pesticide exposure, Coffee intake, living in Rural area and Smoking were not significant risk factors for Parkinson's disease