Stress Urinary Incontinence among Young Nulliparous Females-A Systematic Review

Abstract

Unintentional urination, also known as urinary incontinence (UI), is most frequently observed in postpartum and postmenopausal
women. There is an association between UI and high-impact physical activity. Levator ani muscle (LAM) typically aids in urethral
closure. However, in young female athletes, it indirectly places pressure on the lower tier of pelvic support by raising intraabdominal
pressure and experience stress incontinence. The first line of treatment for young nulliparous females is pelvic floor muscle
training(PFM).The objective of this study is to identify potential risk factors and explore the relationship between stress urinary
incontinence(SUI) and athletic sports and dancers in young nulliparous females. Due to ignorance and underreporting, SUI frequently
goes undiagnosed and unreported. Literature was retrieved through searching 5 electronic data-bases (PubMed, MEDLINE,
CINAHL, Cochrane, and Google Scholar). Articles published from the year 2012 up to including 2022 with full text were included. 6
studies were included in this systematic review. Results indicated that SUI can be managed with few preventive techniques and PFM
training. Thus it can be concluded its prevalence and exercises in reduction of SUI in nulliparous female athletes and dancers.