Effects of supervised structured exercise program on insulin sensitivity in type 2 Diabetes mellitus-a scoping review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus , a systemic disease with disorders in carbohydrates, fat, protein ,insulin metabolism affects the structure
& function of blood vessels shows its early symptoms related to metabolic defects, findings late resulting from vascular
defects .Prediction of increase to 439 million adults in 2030 in India.
American Diabetic Association (ADA)’s suggestion that blood glucose level more than which is
considered to be normal (100- 125 mg/dl) & Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR) ’s suggestion that Random
glucose level above 200mg/dl 24 is diabetes mellitus . In type 2 DM Increased level of fasting blood glucose arises due
to body not using insulin properly , higher plasma insulin levels, impairment in glycemic control (increased HbA1c) and
failure in response of cells in the body to insulin is referred to as IR(Insulin resistance) .26It is not detectable, but causes
impairment in glucose tolerance .
Physical inactivity is more associated with developing insulin resistance , increased blood pressure, dyslipidemia
impaired microvascular functions in healthy individuals . The long and short term physical inactivity causing changes in
vascularity, metabolism finally leading to IR and hence T2DM.25,22 Physical activity programs both vigorous and nonvigorous
cause positive impacts on insulin sensitivity and thus IR reduction in mild to moderate type of T2DM patients
hence recommending moderate physical activity with glucose tolerance impaired patients and with T2DM.28, 25
Management of few modifiable factors like exercising, Keeping up diet ,giving up smoking and stress relief contributes
to IR control . Lifestyle intervention to address these becomes valuable in any therapeutic approach.28, 24
Many exercise programs exists,various systematic reviews & metaanalysis recommending future research to find optimal
exercise prescription for treating insulin sensitivity .Structuring the exercise programs are needed & it also shows the
need for effective dosage & type of exercise to manage type 2 diabetes
Present review was done with the objective of finding a clear prescription of supervised structured exercise program on
insulin sensitivity in type 2 Diabetes