Estimation Of Serum Calcium & Vitamin D Levels In Hypertension Patients And Its Correlation With Staging Of Disease

Abstract

Introduction: The definition of blood pressure is "lateral pressure exerted on the vessel wall.” In the typical population, its distribution resembles a bell curve. Blood Pressure increase is known as Hypertension(HTN). In hypertension, intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle is expected to be higher. Because intracellular calcium controls arterial contraction and relaxation directly, the link between intracellular calcium and hypertension is obvious. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) regulates blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and plasma volume. Extreme RAS activity has been associated to hypertension. Vitamin D reduces Renin production via RAS modulation.

Aim & Objectives: To co-relate Serum Calcium and Vitamin D levels with the staging of hypertension.

Material& methods: A cross-sectional observation study conducted in Department of Medicine & Medical Biochemistry, Hospital and Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India. 100 cases with hypertension were undertaken after obtaining ethical clearance form. Serum Calcium was estimated by Arsenazo method by using VITROS 5600. Serum Vitamin D was measured by Chemiluminiscence immunoassay technology (CLIA) using VITROS 5600 .

Result: Mean Serum calcium level for pre-hypertension was 8.32±0.12, for stage 1, was 8.62±0.41and for stage 2, and was 8.80±0.59. This is statistically significant. Likewise, mean serum vit D levels for pre-hypertension were 25.12±3.56 ng/ml, for stage 1 was 80-8923.28±4.29 ng/ml and for stage 2 was 21.78±7.21 ng/ml. Our finding is statistically significant (p <0.001).

Conclusion: This study concludes that when the severity of hypertension (SBP and DBP) was compared with different blood calcium levels, a statistically significant correlation was found. Likewise, a strong inverse relationship was seen between hypertension grading and vit D deficiency. This correlation may help in staging of the hypertension and therefore early therapeutic measures may be undertaken.