Nephroprotective Activity Of Hesperidin Against Streptazocine – Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Nephropathy In Rats And Its Role On Nitric Oxide Pathway

Abstract

Aim: The effect of Hesperidin on nitric oxide pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) rat model.Method:In In vitro studies the effect of Hesperidin on high glucose-induced damage of human renal glomerular endothelial cells was studied by MTT assay. Endothelial Cell Permeability and Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Hesperidin was performed by clearance of albumin across endothelial monolayers and Griess reaction.In vivostudies examined the effect of Hesperidin on the nitric oxide pathway in rat diabetic nephropathy model with a single dose of Streptazocine (STZ) (55mg/kg b.w, i.p) prior to Nicotinamide (NCT) (100 mg/kg b.w, i.p). Once diabetes mellitus was induced, animal groups were treated with Captopril, L-NAME, and L-Arginine, Hesperidin – low and high doses & Hesperidin high dose + captopril from 1st week to 9th week of the study. At the end of the study, blood and 24hr urine samples were collected from all the animals for the estimation of serum and urine biochemical parameters including NO₃^-/NO₂^– levels. All the animals were sacrificed and kidneys were isolated for the estimation of Lipid peroxidation, total renal collagen content, and kidney histological studies. Results:Hesperidin in vitro studies showed a reduction in high glucose-induced HRGEC cell apoptosis and percentage of BSA clearance.IC50 value of Hesperidin was found to be 4.86 µg/ml.In in vivo study,Hesperidin showed significant protective activity against STZ – NCT-produced renal damage. A high dose (100mg/kg b.w.) of Hesperidin and Hesperidin in combination with captopril was found more effective.Conclusion: All of the findings show that hesperidin is a viable medication for DN prevention and has a protective effect against STZ-induced rats.