Study Of Analysis Of The Spectrum Of Renal Disorders In Children From 0 To 5 Years Of Age

Abstract

Introduction: Due to its compensatory capacity, early signs of disease involving the organ are often not detected, and a considerable amount of renal damage may occur before signs and symptoms are identified. Renal disorders in children and young adults differ in course, as compared to adults and respond varyingly to different treatment regimes.

Material and methods: This was cross sectional study carried out at our Department. One hundred and forty (140) children with renal diseases were included in present study.  Based on hospital records, subjects with renal diseases below five years of age were found to be on an average 10 cases per month. Considering this as baseline data and an acceptable error of 10%, sample size is 132 by WINPEPI Software. It is rounded off to 140.

Results: Maximum (62.9%) had normal weight, while 20.7% were severely underweight and 13.6% were moderately underweight. Only 2.1% were overweight. 6 out of 10 (60%) of CKD cases were due to CAKUT, of which 4 cases (40%) were due to MCDK. Other causes, such as 1 case of HUN (10%), 2 cases of nephrolithiasis (20%) and 1 unknown cause (10%) contributed to 40% of CKD cases.

Conclusion: The pattern of kidney disease in this study is different from that in other parts of the world. AKI was the most common renal disease followed by CAKUT, UTI and then NS. The early detection of renal diseases in childhood leads to better therapy and reduction in the morbidity and mortality. There is a need for routine screening of renal diseases in children so that they can be identified early and treated appropriately.