Roles Of Reactive Oxygen Species In The Pathogenesis Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

ROS-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that involves multiple pathways. One such pathway is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress can activate various signaling pathways, such as the diacylglycerol (DAG) pathway, the hexosamine pathway, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pathway, and the polyol pathway, all of which play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The DAG pathway is activated by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and can lead to insulin resistance. The hexosamine pathway is activated by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which produces UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). This can lead to insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin signaling. The AGEs pathway is activated by the formation of advanced glycation end products, which can lead to the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, contributing to diabetic complications. Finally, the polyol pathway is activated by the conversion of glucose to sorbitol, which can lead to osmotic stress and damage to cells. Understanding the complex interplay between these pathways is crucial for developing effective therapies for diabetes. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic approaches for preventing or treating diabetes complications.